Bianca K. Frogner, PhD

Professor, Director

Biography:

Bianca Kiyoe Frogner, PhD is Professor in the Department of Family Medicine in the School of Medicine at University of Washington (UW). She is the Director of the UW Center for Health Workforce Studies (CHWS) and Deputy Director of the Primary Care Innovation Lab (PCI-Lab), which are housed in the Department of Family Medicine. She is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Health Systems and Population Health. Dr. Frogner is a health economist (NIH T32 trainee) with expertise in health services delivery, health workforce, labor economics, health spending, health insurance coverage and reimbursement, and international health systems.

She is the Principal Investigator of two Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Health Workforce Research Center (HWRC) grants, one focused on allied health and another focused on the training and education of health professionals to address health equity. She is an appointed member of Washington state’s Health Care Cost Transparency Board. She also sits on the UW Population Health Initiative Executive Council. Dr. Frogner recently provided testimony on health care careers to the Worker and Family Support Subcommittee of the US House Ways and Means Committee. In 2016, Dr. Frogner served on an Institute of Medicine (IOM) Consensus Study Committee on Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health. She serves on the editorial boards of Medical Care Research and Review and Health Systems. Dr. Frogner received the 2019 John M. Eisenberg Article-of-the-Year Award as lead author of a study investigating physical therapy as the first point of care for low back pain treatment published in Health Services Research. Dr. Frogner’s has produced nearly 150 publications including peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and reports. She has delivered over 250 scholarly presentations and has appeared in media outlets including CNN, NPR, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Vox, and Politico.

Dr. Frogner completed a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health. Dr. Frogner received her PhD in health economics at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and BA at University of California, Berkeley in Molecular and Cell Biology.

Publications/Presentations

Authors	Title	Type	Documents/Media
Prusynski RA, Humbert A, Leland NE, Frogner BK, Saliba D, Mroz TM	Dual impacts of Medicare payment reform and the COVID-19 pandemic on therapy staffing in skilled nursing facilities	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	Patients Receive Flexible And Accessible Care When State Workforce Barriers Are Removed	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	The Link Between Sick Leave Laws and Emergency Department Visits	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Nasseh K, Frogner BK, Vujicic M	A closer look at disparities in earnings between white and minoritized dentists	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
van Eijk MS, Prueher L, Kett PM, Frogner BK, Guenther GA	Financial Instability of Federal Navigator Program Challenges Organizations to Help Uninsured Enroll in Health Insurance Coverage	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Ornelas IJ, Schwartz M, Sabin JA, Frogner BK	Using Experiential Education in Health Professions Training to Improve Health Equity: Lessons Learned from Interviews With Key Informants	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
van Eijk MS, Frogner BK	How are Health Care Workers Utilized in Health Equity Interventions? An Exploratory Review	PUBLICATION	Full Report
Guenther G, Kett P, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	The Birth Doula Workforce in the U.S.: Rapid Response Brief	PUBLICATION	Rapid Response Brief
Kett P, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Workforce: Rapid Response Brief	PUBLICATION	Rapid Response Brief
Skillman SM, Johnson HM, Frogner BK	Pathways to Registered Nursing: Influences of Health-Related Work Experience and Education Financing	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Van Eijk E, Guenther GA, Jopson AD, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Health workforce challenges impact the development of robust doula services for underserved populations in the United States	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	Patients Receive Flexible And Accessible Care When State Workforce Barriers Are Removed	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Oster NV, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Health Workforce Issues in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Populations	PUBLICATION	Rapid Response Brief
Jopson AD, Cummings AG, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Employers’ perspectives on the use of medical assistant apprenticeships: a qualitative study	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Harwood KJ, Pines J, Andrilla CH, Frogner BK	Where to start? A two stage residual inclusion approach to estimating influence of the initial provider on health care utilization and costs for low back pain in the US	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Dill J, Frogner BK, Travers J	Taking the long view: understanding the rate of second job holding among long-term care workers	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Dill J	Tracking turnover among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Oster NV, Patterson DG, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	COVID-19 and the Rural Health Workforce: The Impact of Federal Pandemic Funding to Address Workforce Needs	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief
Pines JM, Harwood K, Andrilla CHA, Frogner BK	Opioid Prescriptions, Radiography, and Costs for Self-Limited “One-and- Done” Lower Back Pain Visits in a Commercially Insured Population	PUBLICATION	Findings Brief
Van Eijk MS, Guenther GA, Kett PM, Jopson AD, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Addressing systemic racism in birth doula services to reduce health inequities in the United States.	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
van Eijk MS, Kett PM, Prueher L, Frogner BK, Guenther GA	Lack of Consistent Investment in Federal Insurance Navigator Program Undermines Navigators’ Equity Work in Vulnerable Communities	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Sabin J, Guenther G, Ornelas IJ, Patterson DG, Andrilla C, Morales L, Gurjal K, Frogner BK	Brief online implicit bias education increases bias awareness among clinical teaching faculty	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	How the Health Services Research Workforce Supply in the United States is Evolving	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Jopson AD, Frogner BK	An Examination of Health Care Workers in Nonstandard Work Arrangements and Self-Employment	PUBLICATION	Full Report
Dahal A, Stubbs BA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: State Supply Estimates	PUBLICATION	Full Report
Frogner BK	How Do You Create a “Zero-Burnout” Primary Care Practice?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Beck AJ, Spetz J, Pittman P, Frogner BK, Fraher EP, Moore J, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI	Investing In A 21st Century Health Workforce: A Call For Accountability	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Armstrong D, Moore J, Fraher EP, Frogner BK, Pittman P, Spetz J	COVID-19 and the Health Workforce	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Schwartz M	Examining Wage Disparities by Race and Ethnicity of Health Care Workers	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Dahal A, Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Patterson DG	Accelerating Health Professions Pathways for Immigrants	PUBLICATION	Full Report
Prusynski R, Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Dahal A, Mroz TM	Therapy Assistant Staffing and Patient Quality Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Prusynski R, Frogner BK, Dahal A, Skillman SM, Mroz T	Skilled Nursing Facility Characteristics Associated with Financially Motivated Therapy and Relation to Quality	PUBLICATION
Oster NV, Guenther G, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	The Clinical Laboratory Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to the COVID-19 Emergency	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief
Oster NV, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	COVID-19’s Effect on the Employment Status of Health Care Workers	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief
Prusynski R, Leland N, Frogner BK, Leibbrand C, Mroz TM	Therapy Staffing in Skilled Nursing Facilities Declined After Implementation of the Patient Driven Payment Model	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Mohammed SA, Guenther GA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Examining the Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Associate Degree in Nursing Programs by Type of Institution in the US, 2012–2018	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	One Change That Could Help Nursing Homes Recover from COVID-19 Fears and Become Safer Places for Aging Parents	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Op-Ed: It’s Time to Address Staffing at Nursing Homes — The Elephant in the Room	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Oster NV, Skillman SM, Stubbs BA, Dahal A, Guenther G, Frogner BK	The Physical Therapist Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to the COVID -19 Emergency	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief
Frogner BK, Skillman SM	The Challenge in Tracking Unemployment Among Health Care Workers and Why It Matters	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Oster NV, Pollack SW, Skillman SM, Stubbs BA, Dahal A, Guenther G, Frogner BK	The Pharmacist Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to Emergency Surges in Demand	PUBLICATION	Full Brief
Lai AY, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Is It Fair? How To Approach Professional Scope-Of-Practice Policy After The COVID-19 Pandemic	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Pollack SW, Skillman S, Frogner BK	Assessing the Size and Scope of the Pharmacist Workforce in the U.S.	PUBLICATION	Full Report
Mroz TM, Dahal A, Prusynski R, Skillman S, Frogner BK	Variation in Employment of Therapy Assistants in Skilled Nursing Facilities Based on Organizational Factors	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Mroz TM, Frogner BK, Patterson DG	The Impact Of Medicare’s Rural Add-On Payments On Supply Of Home Health Agencies Serving Rural Counties	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Fraher EP, Pittman P, Frogner BK, Spetz J, Moore J, Beck AJ, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI	Ensuring and Sustaining a Pandemic Workforce	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Fraher EP, Spetz J, Pittman P, Moore J, Beck AJ, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI	Modernizing Scope-of-Practice Regulations — Time to Prioritize Patients	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Dahal A, Skillman SM, Patterson DG, Frogner BK	What Commute Patterns Can Tell Us About the Supply of Allied Health Workers and Registered Nurses	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Skillman SM, Frogner BK, Dahal A, Stubbs BA, Guenther G	The Respiratory Therapist Workforce in the U.S. Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to Emergency Surges in Demand	PUBLICATION	Rapid Response Brief
LeRouge C, Sangameswaran S, Frogner BK, Snyder CR, Rubenstein L, Kirsh S, Sayre G	The Group Practice Manager in the VHA: A View From the Field	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Pollack SW, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	The Health Workforce Delivering Evidence-Based Non-Pharmacological Pain Management	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Frogner BK	Interchangeability of PAs and NPs	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Larson EH, Frogner BK	Characteristics of Physician Assistant Students Planning to Work in Primary Care	PUBLICATION	Link to Document Policy Brief
Jopson AD, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Use of Apprenticeship to Meet Demand for Medical Assistants in the U.S.	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief Full Report
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Andrilla CHA	Medical Assistants in Washington State: Demographic, Education, and Work Characteristics of the State’s Medical Assistant-Certified Workforce	PUBLICATION	Report
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Andrilla CHA	Frontline workers’ career pathways: A detailed look at Washington State’s medical assistant workforce	PUBLICATION	Link to Document Policy Brief
Frogner BK, Stubbs BA, Skillman SM	Emerging Roles and Occupations in the Health Workforce	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief Full Report
Frogner BK, Harwood K, Andrilla CHA, Schwartz MR, Pines JM	Physical Therapy as the First Point of Care to Treat Low Back Pain: An Instrumental Variables Approach to Estimate Impact on Opioid Prescription, Health Care Utilization, and Costs	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Snyder CR, Dahal A, Frogner BK	Occupational Mobility among Individuals in Entry‐level Healthcare Jobs in the United States	PUBLICATION	Link to Document Policy Brief
Snyder CR, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Facilitating Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Health Workforce	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Stubbs BA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM	The Value of Real Time Labor Market Information for Monitoring Health Workforce Demand: A Case Study Examining Employer Demand for Health Information Technology Skills	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Boat TF, Land ML, Leslie LK, Haogwood KE, Hawkins-Walsh E, McCabe MA, Fraser MW, deSaxe Zerden L, Lombardi BM, Fritz GK, Frogner BK, Hawkins JD, Sweeney M	Workforce Development to Enhance the Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health of Children and Youth: Opportunities and Barriers in Child Health Care Training	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Wu X, Ku L, Pittman P, Masselink LE	Do Years of Experience with Electronic Health Records Matter for Productivity in Community Health Centers?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Wu X, Park J, Pittman P	The Association of Electronic Health Record Adoption with Staffing Mix in Community Health Centers	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	The Health Care Job Engine: Where Do They Come From and What Do They Say About Our Future?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Patterson DG, Snyder CR, Frogner BK	Immigrants in Healthcare Occupations	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Diagnostic Related Technologists and Technicians	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Medical Assistants	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Occupational Therapists	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Physical Therapists	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Social Workers	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Speech-Language Pathologists	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Dental Hygienists	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Respiratory Therapists	PUBLICATION	Data Snapshot
Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA	Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources	PUBLICATION	Policy Brief Full Report
Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Patterson DG, Snyder CR	Comparing the Socioeconomic Well-Being of Workers across Healthcare Occupations	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Pathways to Middle-skill Allied Health Care Occupations	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Snyder CR	Characteristics of Veterans in Allied Healthcare Occupations	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Miller SC, Frogner BK, Saganic LM, Cole AM, Rosenblatt RA	Affordable Care Act Impact on Community Health Center Staffing and Enrollment: A Cross-Sectional Study	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Pittman P, Masselink L, Bade L, Frogner BK, Ku L	Factors Determining Medical Staff Configurations in Community Health Centers: CEO Perspectives	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Lutfiyya MN, Tomai L, Frogner BK, Cerra F, Zismer D, Parente S	Does primary care diabetes management provided to Medicare patients differ between primary care physicians and nurse practitioners?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Snyder CR, Wick KH, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Pathways for Military Veterans to Enter Healthcare Careers	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Skillman SM, Snyder CR, Frogner BK, Patterson DG	The behavioral health workforce needed for integration with primary care: Information for health workforce planning.	PUBLICATION	Full Report Policy Brief
Frogner BK, Harwood K, Pines J, Andrilla CHA, Schwartz MR	Does Unrestricted Direct Access to Physical Therapy Reduce Utilization and Health Spending?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Forte G, Graham K, Frogner BK	Commentaries on Health Services Research	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Pauley GC	Do Skill Mix and High Tech Matter for Hospitals’ Competency in Adopting Electronic Health Records?	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Parente ST, Frech HE	Comparing Efficiency of Health Systems Across Industrialized Countries: A Panel Analysis	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Spetz J, Oberlin S, Parente ST	The Demand for Healthcare Workers Post-ACA	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Ku L, Frogner BK, Steinmetz E, Pittman P	Many Paths to Primary Care: Flexible Staffing and Productivity in Community Health Centers	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Skillman SM, Hager LJ, Frogner BK	Incentives for Nurse Practitioners and Registered Nurses to Work in Rural and Safety Net Settings	PUBLICATION	Rapid Turnaround Brief
Frogner BK, Westerman B, DiPietro L	The Value of Athletic Trainers in Ambulatory Settings	PUBLICATION
Westerman B, Frogner BK, DiPietro L	Hiring Patterns of Athletic Trainers in Ambulatory Settings	PUBLICATION
Frogner BK, Spetz J	Exit and Entry of Workers in Long-Term Care	PUBLICATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK, Skillman SM	Pathways to middle skilled allied health occupations	PUBLICATION	Full report
Snyder CR, Stover B, Skillman SM, Frogner BK	Facilitating racial and ethnic diversity in the health workforce	PUBLICATION	Full report
Frogner BK	National Health Workforce Trends	PRESENTATION
Lee D, Sabin J, Mohammed SA, Kett P, Frogner BK	Inequitable Care Delivery for COVID-19 Positive People of Color and People with Disabilities	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	National Health Workforce Trends	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	Health Workforce Trends	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	Addressing the Health Care Workforce Crisis: Framing Solutions	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK		PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	National Health Workforce Trends	PRESENTATION	Link to Document
Frogner BK	Strengthening the Clinical Lab Professional Workforce: Perspectives from Employers and Educators	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	House Poor No More: Disrupting the Difficulty of Finding a Home in Hawai’i for Health Professionals	PRESENTATION
Frogner BK	Dentists in Medicaid: Who Are They, Where Do They Locate, How Do They Practice?	PRESENTATION	Link to Document