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    Bianca K. Frogner, PhD

    Professor, Director


    Biography:

    Bianca Kiyoe Frogner, PhD is Professor in the Department of Family Medicine in the School of Medicine at University of Washington (UW). She is the Director of the UW Center for Health Workforce Studies (CHWS) and Deputy Director of the Primary Care Innovation Lab (PCI-Lab), which are housed in the Department of Family Medicine. She is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Health Systems and Population Health. Dr. Frogner is a health economist (NIH T32 trainee) with expertise in health services delivery, health workforce, labor economics, health spending, health insurance coverage and reimbursement, and international health systems.

    She is the Principal Investigator of two Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Health Workforce Research Center (HWRC) grants, one focused on allied health and another focused on the training and education of health professionals to address health equity. She is an appointed member of Washington state’s Health Care Cost Transparency Board. She also sits on the UW Population Health Initiative Executive Council. Dr. Frogner recently provided testimony on health care careers to the Worker and Family Support Subcommittee of the US House Ways and Means Committee. In 2016, Dr. Frogner served on an Institute of Medicine (IOM) Consensus Study Committee on Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health. She serves on the editorial boards of Medical Care Research and Review and Health Systems. Dr. Frogner received the 2019 John M. Eisenberg Article-of-the-Year Award as lead author of a study investigating physical therapy as the first point of care for low back pain treatment published in Health Services Research. Dr. Frogner’s has produced nearly 150 publications including peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and reports. She has delivered over 250 scholarly presentations and has appeared in media outlets including CNN, NPR, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Vox, and Politico.

    Dr. Frogner completed a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health. Dr. Frogner received her PhD in health economics at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and BA at University of California, Berkeley in Molecular and Cell Biology.

    Publications/Presentations

    Authors Title Type Documents/Media
    Prusynski RA, Humbert A, Leland NE, Frogner BK, Saliba D, Mroz TM Dual impacts of Medicare payment reform and the COVID-19 pandemic on therapy staffing in skilled nursing facilities PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK Patients Receive Flexible And Accessible Care When State Workforce Barriers Are Removed PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK The Link Between Sick Leave Laws and Emergency Department Visits PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Nasseh K, Frogner BK, Vujicic M A closer look at disparities in earnings between white and minoritized dentists PUBLICATION Link to Document
    van Eijk MS, Prueher L, Kett PM, Frogner BK, Guenther GA Financial Instability of Federal Navigator Program Challenges Organizations to Help Uninsured Enroll in Health Insurance Coverage PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Ornelas IJ, Schwartz M, Sabin JA, Frogner BK Using Experiential Education in Health Professions Training to Improve Health Equity: Lessons Learned from Interviews With Key Informants PUBLICATION Link to Document
    van Eijk MS, Frogner BK How are Health Care Workers Utilized in Health Equity Interventions? An Exploratory Review PUBLICATION Full Report
    Guenther G, Kett P, Skillman SM, Frogner BK The Birth Doula Workforce in the U.S.: Rapid Response Brief PUBLICATION Rapid Response Brief
    Kett P, Skillman SM, Frogner BK The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Workforce: Rapid Response Brief PUBLICATION Rapid Response Brief
    Skillman SM, Johnson HM, Frogner BK Pathways to Registered Nursing: Influences of Health-Related Work Experience and Education Financing PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Van Eijk E, Guenther GA, Jopson AD, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Health workforce challenges impact the development of robust doula services for underserved populations in the United States PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK Patients Receive Flexible And Accessible Care When State Workforce Barriers Are Removed PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Oster NV, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Health Workforce Issues in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Populations PUBLICATION Rapid Response Brief
    Jopson AD, Cummings AG, Frogner BK, Skillman SM Employers’ perspectives on the use of medical assistant apprenticeships: a qualitative study PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Harwood KJ, Pines J, Andrilla CH, Frogner BK Where to start? A two stage residual inclusion approach to estimating influence of the initial provider on health care utilization and costs for low back pain in the US PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Dill J, Frogner BK, Travers J Taking the long view: understanding the rate of second job holding among long-term care workers PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Dill J Tracking turnover among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Oster NV, Patterson DG, Skillman SM, Frogner BK COVID-19 and the Rural Health Workforce: The Impact of Federal Pandemic Funding to Address Workforce Needs PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Pines JM, Harwood K, Andrilla CHA, Frogner BK Opioid Prescriptions, Radiography, and Costs for Self-Limited “One-and- Done” Lower Back Pain Visits in a Commercially Insured Population PUBLICATION Findings Brief
    Van Eijk MS, Guenther GA, Kett PM, Jopson AD, Frogner BK, Skillman SM Addressing systemic racism in birth doula services to reduce health inequities in the United States. PUBLICATION Link to Document
    van Eijk MS, Kett PM, Prueher L, Frogner BK, Guenther GA Lack of Consistent Investment in Federal Insurance Navigator Program Undermines Navigators’ Equity Work in Vulnerable Communities PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Sabin J, Guenther G, Ornelas IJ, Patterson DG, Andrilla C, Morales L, Gurjal K, Frogner BK Brief online implicit bias education increases bias awareness among clinical teaching faculty PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK How the Health Services Research Workforce Supply in the United States is Evolving PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Jopson AD, Frogner BK An Examination of Health Care Workers in Nonstandard Work Arrangements and Self-Employment PUBLICATION Full Report
    Dahal A, Stubbs BA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: State Supply Estimates PUBLICATION Full Report
    Frogner BK How Do You Create a “Zero-Burnout” Primary Care Practice? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Beck AJ, Spetz J, Pittman P, Frogner BK, Fraher EP, Moore J, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI Investing In A 21st Century Health Workforce: A Call For Accountability PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Armstrong D, Moore J, Fraher EP, Frogner BK, Pittman P, Spetz J COVID-19 and the Health Workforce PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Schwartz M Examining Wage Disparities by Race and Ethnicity of Health Care Workers PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Dahal A, Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Patterson DG Accelerating Health Professions Pathways for Immigrants PUBLICATION Full Report
    Prusynski R, Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Dahal A, Mroz TM Therapy Assistant Staffing and Patient Quality Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Prusynski R, Frogner BK, Dahal A, Skillman SM, Mroz T Skilled Nursing Facility Characteristics Associated with Financially Motivated Therapy and Relation to Quality PUBLICATION
    Oster NV, Guenther G, Frogner BK, Skillman SM The Clinical Laboratory Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to the COVID-19 Emergency PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Oster NV, Skillman SM, Frogner BK COVID-19’s Effect on the Employment Status of Health Care Workers PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Prusynski R, Leland N, Frogner BK, Leibbrand C, Mroz TM Therapy Staffing in Skilled Nursing Facilities Declined After Implementation of the Patient Driven Payment Model PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Mohammed SA, Guenther GA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM Examining the Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Associate Degree in Nursing Programs by Type of Institution in the US, 2012–2018 PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK One Change That Could Help Nursing Homes Recover from COVID-19 Fears and Become Safer Places for Aging Parents PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM Op-Ed: It’s Time to Address Staffing at Nursing Homes — The Elephant in the Room PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Oster NV, Skillman SM, Stubbs BA, Dahal A, Guenther G, Frogner BK The Physical Therapist Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to the COVID -19 Emergency PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM The Challenge in Tracking Unemployment Among Health Care Workers and Why It Matters PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Oster NV, Pollack SW, Skillman SM, Stubbs BA, Dahal A, Guenther G, Frogner BK The Pharmacist Workforce in the U.S.: Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to Emergency Surges in Demand PUBLICATION Full Brief
    Lai AY, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Is It Fair? How To Approach Professional Scope-Of-Practice Policy After The COVID-19 Pandemic PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Pollack SW, Skillman S, Frogner BK Assessing the Size and Scope of the Pharmacist Workforce in the U.S. PUBLICATION Full Report
    Mroz TM, Dahal A, Prusynski R, Skillman S, Frogner BK Variation in Employment of Therapy Assistants in Skilled Nursing Facilities Based on Organizational Factors PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Mroz TM, Frogner BK, Patterson DG The Impact Of Medicare’s Rural Add-On Payments On Supply Of Home Health Agencies Serving Rural Counties PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Fraher EP, Pittman P, Frogner BK, Spetz J, Moore J, Beck AJ, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI Ensuring and Sustaining a Pandemic Workforce PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Fraher EP, Spetz J, Pittman P, Moore J, Beck AJ, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI Modernizing Scope-of-Practice Regulations — Time to Prioritize Patients PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Dahal A, Skillman SM, Patterson DG, Frogner BK What Commute Patterns Can Tell Us About the Supply of Allied Health Workers and Registered Nurses PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Skillman SM, Frogner BK, Dahal A, Stubbs BA, Guenther G The Respiratory Therapist Workforce in the U.S. Supply, Distribution, Education Pathways, and State Responses to Emergency Surges in Demand PUBLICATION Rapid Response Brief
    LeRouge C, Sangameswaran S, Frogner BK, Snyder CR, Rubenstein L, Kirsh S, Sayre G The Group Practice Manager in the VHA: A View From the Field PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Pollack SW, Skillman SM, Frogner BK The Health Workforce Delivering Evidence-Based Non-Pharmacological Pain Management PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Frogner BK Interchangeability of PAs and NPs PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Larson EH, Frogner BK Characteristics of Physician Assistant Students Planning to Work in Primary Care PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Policy Brief
    Jopson AD, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Use of Apprenticeship to Meet Demand for Medical Assistants in the U.S. PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Full Report
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Andrilla CHA Medical Assistants in Washington State: Demographic, Education, and Work Characteristics of the State’s Medical Assistant-Certified Workforce PUBLICATION Report
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Andrilla CHA Frontline workers’ career pathways: A detailed look at Washington State’s medical assistant workforce PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Policy Brief
    Frogner BK, Stubbs BA, Skillman SM Emerging Roles and Occupations in the Health Workforce PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Full Report
    Frogner BK, Harwood K, Andrilla CHA, Schwartz MR, Pines JM Physical Therapy as the First Point of Care to Treat Low Back Pain: An Instrumental Variables Approach to Estimate Impact on Opioid Prescription, Health Care Utilization, and Costs PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Snyder CR, Dahal A, Frogner BK Occupational Mobility among Individuals in Entry‐level Healthcare Jobs in the United States PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Policy Brief
    Snyder CR, Frogner BK, Skillman SM Facilitating Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Health Workforce PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Stubbs BA, Frogner BK, Skillman SM The Value of Real Time Labor Market Information for Monitoring Health Workforce Demand: A Case Study Examining Employer Demand for Health Information Technology Skills PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Boat TF, Land ML, Leslie LK, Haogwood KE, Hawkins-Walsh E, McCabe MA, Fraser MW, deSaxe Zerden L, Lombardi BM, Fritz GK, Frogner BK, Hawkins JD, Sweeney M Workforce Development to Enhance the Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health of Children and Youth: Opportunities and Barriers in Child Health Care Training PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Wu X, Ku L, Pittman P, Masselink LE Do Years of Experience with Electronic Health Records Matter for Productivity in Community Health Centers? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Wu X, Park J, Pittman P The Association of Electronic Health Record Adoption with Staffing Mix in Community Health Centers PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK The Health Care Job Engine: Where Do They Come From and What Do They Say About Our Future? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Patterson DG, Snyder CR, Frogner BK Immigrants in Healthcare Occupations PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Diagnostic Related Technologists and Technicians PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Medical Assistants PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Occupational Therapists PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Physical Therapists PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Social Workers PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Speech-Language Pathologists PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Dental Hygienists PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources: Data Snapshot – Respiratory Therapists PUBLICATION Data Snapshot
    Skillman SM, Dahal A, Frogner BK, Stubbs BA Leveraging Data to Monitor the Allied Health Workforce: National Supply Estimates Using Different Data Sources PUBLICATION Policy Brief
    Full Report
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Patterson DG, Snyder CR Comparing the Socioeconomic Well-Being of Workers across Healthcare Occupations PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM Pathways to Middle-skill Allied Health Care Occupations PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM, Snyder CR Characteristics of Veterans in Allied Healthcare Occupations PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Miller SC, Frogner BK, Saganic LM, Cole AM, Rosenblatt RA Affordable Care Act Impact on Community Health Center Staffing and Enrollment: A Cross-Sectional Study PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Pittman P, Masselink L, Bade L, Frogner BK, Ku L Factors Determining Medical Staff Configurations in Community Health Centers: CEO Perspectives PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Lutfiyya MN, Tomai L, Frogner BK, Cerra F, Zismer D, Parente S Does primary care diabetes management provided to Medicare patients differ between primary care physicians and nurse practitioners? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Snyder CR, Wick KH, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Pathways for Military Veterans to Enter Healthcare Careers PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Skillman SM, Snyder CR, Frogner BK, Patterson DG The behavioral health workforce needed for integration with primary care: Information for health workforce planning. PUBLICATION Full Report
    Policy Brief
    Frogner BK, Harwood K, Pines J, Andrilla CHA, Schwartz MR Does Unrestricted Direct Access to Physical Therapy Reduce Utilization and Health Spending? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Forte G, Graham K, Frogner BK Commentaries on Health Services Research PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Pauley GC Do Skill Mix and High Tech Matter for Hospitals’ Competency in Adopting Electronic Health Records? PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Parente ST, Frech HE Comparing Efficiency of Health Systems Across Industrialized Countries: A Panel Analysis PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Spetz J, Oberlin S, Parente ST The Demand for Healthcare Workers Post-ACA PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Ku L, Frogner BK, Steinmetz E, Pittman P Many Paths to Primary Care: Flexible Staffing and Productivity in Community Health Centers PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Skillman SM, Hager LJ, Frogner BK Incentives for Nurse Practitioners and Registered Nurses to Work in Rural and Safety Net Settings PUBLICATION Rapid Turnaround Brief
    Frogner BK, Westerman B, DiPietro L The Value of Athletic Trainers in Ambulatory Settings PUBLICATION
    Westerman B, Frogner BK, DiPietro L Hiring Patterns of Athletic Trainers in Ambulatory Settings PUBLICATION
    Frogner BK, Spetz J Exit and Entry of Workers in Long-Term Care PUBLICATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK, Skillman SM Pathways to middle skilled allied health occupations PUBLICATION Full report
    Snyder CR, Stover B, Skillman SM, Frogner BK Facilitating racial and ethnic diversity in the health workforce PUBLICATION Full report
    Frogner BK National Health Workforce Trends PRESENTATION
    Lee D, Sabin J, Mohammed SA, Kett P, Frogner BK Inequitable Care Delivery for COVID-19 Positive People of Color and People with Disabilities PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK National Health Workforce Trends PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK Health Workforce Trends PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK Addressing the Health Care Workforce Crisis: Framing Solutions PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK National Health Workforce Trends PRESENTATION Link to Document
    Frogner BK Strengthening the Clinical Lab Professional Workforce: Perspectives from Employers and Educators PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK House Poor No More: Disrupting the Difficulty of Finding a Home in Hawai’i for Health Professionals PRESENTATION
    Frogner BK Dentists in Medicaid: Who Are They, Where Do They Locate, How Do They Practice? PRESENTATION Link to Document

 

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